Gold Mining Process for Narrow Tabular Ore Bodies
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Foreign NGOs creating unrest in Lanjigarh
Date: Wed, 9 Dec 2009 17:14:18 +0530
From: “Pavan Kaushik” <pavan.kaushik@vedanta.co.in>
Dear Sir,
You may kindly like to go through the background below which is a serious matter as foreign NGOs are creating unrest in Lanjigarh and provoking people to talk against the government and the company. I would request if you could kindly depute some one to do this story please.. I have also mentioned the phone numbers of SP Kalahandi and also the COO of Vedanta in Lanjigarh for any reference or talking over phone please.
Ill be grateful if you could kindly take up this issue please.
Regards
Pavan Kaushik
Head – Corporate Communication
Vedanta Group
Phone: 9928844499
Foreign NGOs creating unrest in Lanjigarh
Recently the statement of Hon’ble Steel and Mines Minister of Orissa, Mr. Raghunath Mohanty, stating that ‘Not a single tribal family would be displaced due to this mining project’ and also that ‘No Dongria Kondha tribe live at the proposed mining area of Lanjigarh located between Rayagada and Kalahandi districts’ has been a lot unrest in the foreign NGOs who have been circulating a lot of false information about the entire mining activity in Orissa.
There has been a sudden movement of foreigners / foreign NGOs in Lanjigarh, Kalahandi district in the past few days. Strangely foreigners coming on tourist visa from countries like Italy, Germany, Australia, Denmark, UK etc. have become frequent and they are freely moving in the region. These people have been forcedly interacting with local tribals and disturbing their peace. A local NGO is supporting the visits. The local people have taken this very seriously and are opposing their entry into their region. The unrest has also got reported to local police authorities who are now looking into the matter of this sudden movement of foreign NGOs including Survival International. These foreign NGOs are provoking innocent tribals to defame the government and the company, Vedanta Group. This is being done to create misunderstanding and an environment of unrest before the visit of Central Team of MoEF that is scheduled to visit the Niyamgiri shortly.
The world is taking note of India starting bauxite mining after a gap of over 25 years. Once the bauxite mine at Niyamgiri starts, India will be placed as one of the largest aluminium producer in the world.
Niyamgiri range of hills has 250 sq. cm large foot print. The actual mineralization area in the proposed mining project is only 3.5% KM, that also having a depth of about 30 metres on the top. This truth has put a complete dent on the false information being circulated by these foreign NGOs that proposed mining will completely destroy the Niyamgiri mountain. Actually speaking, Bauxite extraction will actually benefit the environment, because it removes a hard rocky layer called laterite which would allow rain water to percolate deep inside the soil, increasing afforestation post-mining. Vedanta highlighted that with the use of best technology the plant is meeting all the required compliances in respect of air and water pollution, rather Lanjigarh Refinery is amongst the few in the world to have attained zero discharge status.
The Orissa government has constituted a Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) in the name of Lanjigarh Project Area Development Foundation (LDADF), with contribution of State Government as 25%, Orissa Mining Corporation as 26% and Sterlite Industries Ltd as 49%, as directed by the Supreme Court. The Revenue Divisional Commissioner (RDC) – Southern Division is the Chairman of the Special Purpose Vehicle which on its first meeting itself decided to take up development projects worth Rs. 17.70 crore in the areas of health, education, road, infrastructure development that are required for the upliftment of Dongria and Kutia Kondha tribes, the Minister added.
Earlier, the Hon’ble Supreme Court of India, while granting permission vide the judgement dated August 8, 2008, had looked all aspects including tribal development, wild life impact, environment impact, and sustainable development in the area connected with this project, taking into account all arguments, and came to the conclusion that starting mining operation at Niyamgiri Hills, subject to fulfilment of all statutory requirement, will definitely give a boost to the development of the entire area. Since mining is an important source of revenue generation, such projects should be encouraged along with principle of sustainable development so that these areas can be brought to the main line, the Hon’ble Court had observed.
The Hon’ble Supreme Court of India also observed that there is abject poverty in the area and the area is lacking with regards to health, education, infrastructure, communication, to name a few. On the recommendation of the apex court, the Company agreed for investing 5% of the profit or Rs. 10 crore, which ever is more, from this project, for the developmental works within 50 km of the project area.
Vedanta has been saying this all along that bauxite is a hard rock that exists above 900 metres from the surface and therefore the Niyamgiri hills are neither crop nor inhabitants-friendly.
The bauxite-alumina project at Lanjigarh in Kalahandi district in Orissa would initiate investment of over Rs. 10,000 crore by Vedanta. Over 5000 local people have worked to build the Lanjigarh Plant. Kalahandi district of Orissa is one of the most backward district in India and the project is expected to change the profile of the entire district bringing considerable direct and indirect employment, infrastructure development, community development, social-economic development and empowerment.
Mines are generally located in the remote areas and development of such projects not only bring prosperity of that area but also add considerable value to the State’s exchequer.
India is a mineral rich country and at par with countries like Canada, Australia, South Africa and Brazil. The minerals have contributed significantly to the GDP’s of these countries and have become alternative source of revenue to the government. The same model should work for India as well.
Regards
Pavan
You can speak to the following two people on the above:-
1. Chief Operating Officer of Lanjigarh, Dr. Mukesh Kumar. His mobile number is +91 9937251216.
2. SP Kalahandi is Mr. Manohar Das – +91 9437158022, 06670230207, 06670230216
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Introduction to the Gold Mining Process for Tabular Ore Bodies
There are a number of different methodologies used to conduct mining operations. One of these methods are discussed in this article.
The gold bearing ore is in situ in the reef band where it was deposited millions of years ago. It requiers drilled and blasted to free it from the country rock. According to Nell (1984:95) this process is called stoping. He defines stoping as:
the actual mining of ore by means of breaking ground in stopes to a size suitable for handling and processing for the recovery of the mineral content.
The breaking of the country rock includes drilling blast holes and blasting it. This is followed by cleaning, supporting and the providing of the infrastructure to the stope faces.
The provision of infrastructure includes the maintenance and managing of:
• in stope water and air services that is necessary for the drilling and dust allaying process
• travelling ways to and from the stope necessary for creating access ways for people and material
• scatter walls to contain the blast rock in a conveniently concentrated muck pile for the cleaning crew,
• material and people handling appliances including monorail, mono rope and chairlift devises
• double drum winches and scraper scoops for the moving of blasted rock
• pumping and pump installations to ensure sufficient water pressure and or clear out the accumulation of excess water from low lying areas.
• rail tracks for the locomotives and trains that transports workers, material and broken rock pover long horizontal distances underground.
• Safety devices that include tips and grizzlies to prevent inadvertent access of people down these near vertical excavations.
• Blasting equipment that includes remote blasting system cables and ventilation sensor equipment in the intake and return air passages.
• Ventilation systems that consists of various sizes of columns, temporary and permanent ventilation brattices, -walls, -holings and fans.
• Electricity and electric equipment required for the use during the mining process.
With reference to figure 1 a three dimensional mining layout of a typical gold mine can be viewed here. The figuredepicts the basic components, in three dimensions, used to explain the mining layout of a typical gold mine.
The broken ore is typically scraped on dip, down a 30 meter stope face into a strike gully, by means of a double drum winch and scraper scoop once it is blasted from the country rock.
Another double drum winch and scraper scoop is used to scrape the broken rock on strike to an orepass or boxhole, situated in the original raise. This boxhole can be situated up to 90 meters from the face where the blasting took place. The broken rock now cascades down this steeply inclined excavation (boxhole or orepass) to a crosscut on a lower level.
In the crosscut a train, normally with ten eight ton hoppers are used to transport the broken rock to the shaft. The shaft can be kilometres away from the point of mining. At the shaft the train tips it's cargo down the shaft orepass system, where it again cascades down to the shaft loading station near the bottom of the shaft. The broken rock are hoisted up a 2000 meter vertical shaft in rock skips with a typical capacity of 12 tons by means of a rock hoist to surface, in the case of a surface shaft, or to just above the loading station of the surface shaft in the case of a sub - shaft.
On surface the broken ore is transported to the metallurgy plant by means of a conveyor belt. In the metallurgy plant the ore is milled, screened, and chemically treated in order to allow separation of the gold from the gold bearing ore. The slime residue is pumped to a tailing dam and the gold concentrate is further treated. The gold concentrate is smelted and the 89% pure gold is poured into gold bars weighing about 31 kilograms each.
These gold bars are then transported to a Refinery where the silver is removed and the gold refined to 99.99% purity. It is this pure gold that is sold on the world gold markets.
© 2009 Carl Marx
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